Tuesday, March 4, 2008

From the Wedding by Joseph Levine Chapter 5

From the Wedding
by Joseph Levine
Chapter 5

My father places me under the guidance of Reb Elinke, a Talmud teacher. I acquaint myself with Zeligul Mogilevski.

My father,of blessed memory, enrolled me with a Gemara (Talmud) teacher, Reb Elinke the Lutvak. He was a tall, dark, thin Jew with a long black beard and alert good eyes. His wife Sarah was also very nice, like a devoted mother to the students. When a student complained of a headache, she would immediately bind his head with a cloth soaked in vinegar, put him to bed and cover him. She would even cast a "good eye" on the child. This is how a student overcame an illness and would return home in good health and his parents need not have known of his illness.

Reb Elinke and Sarah behaved so because they were childless. They were no longer young. They had had children in their younger days but they did not survive. When they arrived in Zlotapolia they were already childless. Hence, the great love for the students.

The cheder consisted of 10 boys. Wealthy, decent, chosen boys. Gemara students. There was Chaim Itche Shernak, the Schochet brothers, Yisroel David, and Avraham Yitzchak Hayat who later became my brother-in-law. There was also Zelig Mogilevski. The rest I cannot remember. I have nothing to write of these boys with the exception of Zelig.

First, however, I will describe how the cheder looked in those days so that future generations who may wish a glimpse of what life was like in the small Jewish shtetel would have it before their eyes as I now have it before mine. A small house with grass grown on the lawns so the goats can graze in the summer. Three basement windows on two small walls. If a goat knocks out a window pane while jumping, the window is covered with either cardboard or a pillow. On Friday, lime is spread over the earth and sprinkled with yellow sand. Approximately a quarter of the cheder is occupied by the oven with a lime bench next to it. At one wall stands the Rebetzin's bed with many pillows, piled up high nearly touching the ceiling. In another corner stands a long table with long benches around it. At the entrance stand various instruments: a scoop, a shovel for the coal. There also stands a large pail filled with waste water for the cow, and another large pail with clean fresh water. The pail leaked constantly. There was always a towel next to the pail which was always wet. At the door stood many shelves for pots and pans, sifters, etc., a catch-all for the kitchen utensils. Under the oven there would always be feed for the chickens which were later sold. Calves would also be brought into this room on very cold days or in very bad weather. For the cow there was a small corner reserved. The entrance door was low and one would have to stoop while entering. This is how the cheder of Reb Elinke looked.

There are faces that were created to mystify, faces that say love me when you gaze upon them. Such was the face of the orphan Zelig Mogilevski. A parentless child with a poor grandmother who paid his yeshiva tuition. She was called Sarah the sane one. She was old, small, frail, with black hair. She sat in the market selling potatoes, beets, onions, pears, apples and other fruits and vegetables. This was her livelihood and this is how she supported Zelig.

I became attached to Zelig immediately. I would share my lunch with him daily. We became best of friends. I suspect, on my part, it was because of his beautiful voice and the beautiful way he told stories. No one else could tell or even knew such wonderful stories. Most anyone has stories to tell but to know how to tell them is an art in itself. Zelig was gifted with the special art of telling stories. Where, I still wonder, did this wondrous boy with rosy cheeks and clever eyes get all his stories? With such unique pictures? Did he ever hear these stories being told or did he dream them up? Till this day I still have not figured it out. I know only one thing, the stories poured from his mouth like a never ending waterfall. The stories were as smooth as oil and lengthy like a long satin thread. His voice was so sweet and the language so sweet. His cheeks rosy and his eyes dreamy and misty.

Friday afternoons and on Shabbos afternoons, after the Shabbos meal, or on a holiday, and sometimes during the evenings, Zelig and I would lay down on the grass face down or facing up to the sky and Zelig would start telling story after story. About a king's son and a queen's daughter, of werewolves, and a story of a chandelier in Prague. Each story had its own magical effect. I would have my mouth and ears open, never taking my eyes off this wondrous boy with the rosy cheeks and dreamy, misty eyes, when he would be relating a story.

We eagerly awaited the part of the day when we would be dismissed from cheder, for that is when we were truly friends like David and Jonathan (son of King Saul of Israel, as related in the Book of Kings. Jonathan was accidentally killed. David went on to become the second King of Israel. His son, King Solomon, built the holy Temple in Jerusalem 3000 years ago).

We never dreamed that one day we would part and go our separate ways. At that time we were learning the tractate Bava Metziah (of the Talmud, dealing with the laws of torts) which we clearly understood. We were two of the best students in the cheder. Every day after learning we would mostly take walks around our neighborhood and Zelig would sing. He would sing nice songs which were a true delight, since he had a very nice voice.

During learning he would make cute comments, even the Rebbe couldn't help but laugh too. Sometimes a beggar would come in asking for alms. The Rebbe would immediately declare himself broke so the beggar would turn to us students saying,
"Children, some money?!"

Zelig would throw his arm over the beggar's shoulder and say,
"Can't you see from looking at our faces that we are all very poor?!"

I prophesied about Zelig that he would one day be an actor or a comic and that is what actually happened. One day a chazan visited Zlotapolia. A very nice Jew, his name was Joseph Heller. He had a wonderful voice and davened beautifully. I have never heard such a wonderful davening. he remained in Zlotapolia with his choir and was the chazan in the big shul. One winter night, a few years after the chazan arrived, Zelig and I were walking home from cheder singing holiday songs. The chazan heard Zelig's voice, called him into his house and would not let him continue going to cheder. He taught Zelig Bible, Talmud, to write music and sing. He also clothed him very nicely.

Zelig sang with the choir and became the best singer in the group. When he sang a solo, it was certainly worth listening to and certainly worth admiring. Before long, Zelig was traveling to places like Berditchev and Belz to sing. Later he joined a Jewish group as an actor. He starred in a theater in Adas. When Russia no longer allowed the existence of Jewish theater, Zelig went to America.

When I arrived in America in 1906, I heard Mogilevski was in the Jewish theater. I was planning to see him play, hoping to see him personally afterwards, but then I read in the newspaper that Mogilevski had died suddenly. It was not destined for me to see my old friend once again; the friend in which I was so in awe.

1 comment:

Yosef said...

Yiddish (ייִדיש yidish or אידיש idish, literally: "Jewish") is a nonterritorial Germanic language, spoken throughout the world and written with the Hebrew alphabet. It originated in the Ashkenazi culture that developed from about the 10th century in central and eastern Europe, and spread via emigration to other continents. In the earliest surviving references to it, the language is called לשון־אַשכּנז (loshn-ashkenaz = "Ashkenaz language") and טײַטש (taytsh, a variant of tiutsch, the contemporary name for the language otherwise spoken in the region, now called Middle High German; compare the modern Deutsch). In common usage, the language is called מאַמע־לשון (mame-loshn = "mother tongue"), distinguishing it from biblical Hebrew and Aramaic which are collectively termed לשון־קודש (loshn-koydesh = "holy tongue"). The term Yiddish did not become the most frequently used designation in the literature of the language until the 18th century. For a significant portion of its history it was the primary spoken language of the Ashkenazi Jews and once spanned a broad dialect continuum from "Western Yiddish" to "Eastern Yiddish". Only the Eastern dialects remain in use, differing most markedly from the Western varieties by the extensive inclusion of words of Slavic origin.
Yiddish is also used in the adjectival sense to designate attributes of Ashkenazi culture (for example, Yiddish cooking and Yiddish music).
The Ashkenazi culture that was taking root in 10th-century Central Europe derived its name from Ashkenaz (Genesis 10:3), the medieval Hebrew name for the territory centered on what is now designated as Germany. Its geographic extent did not coincide with the German Christian principalities, and Ashkenaz included Northern France. It also bordered on the area inhabited by the Sephardi, or Spanish Jews, which ranged into southern France. Later, the Ashkenazi territory would spread into Eastern Europe as well.
Nothing is known about the vernacular of the earliest Jews in Germany, but several theories have been put forward. It is generally accepted that it was likely to have contained elements from other languages of the Near East and Europe absorbed through dispersion. Since many settlers came via northern France, it is also likely that the Romance-based Jewish language of that region was represented. Traces of this remain in the contemporary Yiddish vocabulary, for example, בענטשן (bentshn, to bless), from the Latin benedicere. Western Yiddish includes additional words of Latin derivation (but still very few), for example orn (to pray), from the Latin orare.
The first language of European Jews may have been Aramaic (Katz 2004), the vernacular of the Jews in Roman era Palestine, and ancient and early medieval Mesopotamia. The widespread use of Aramaic among the large non-Jewish Syrian trading population of the Roman provinces, including those in Europe, would have reinforced the use of Aramaic among Jews engaged in trade.
Members of the young Ashkenazi community would have encountered the myriad dialects from which standard German was destined to emerge many centuries later. They would soon have been speaking their own versions of these German dialects, mixed with linguistic elements that they themselves brought into the region. These dialects would have adapted to the needs of the burgeoning Ashkenazi culture and may, as characterizes many such developments, have included the deliberate cultivation of linguistic differences to assert cultural autonomy. The Ashkenazi community also had its own geography, with a pattern of relationships among settlements that was somewhat independent of its non-Jewish neighbors. This led to the consolidation of Yiddish dialects, the borders of which did not coincide with the borders of German dialects.
The further development of the Eastern Yiddish dialects involved the absorption of many words from Slavic languages.
In the United States, the Yiddish language bonded Jews from many countries. פארווערטס (forverts - The Forward) was one of seven Yiddish daily newspapers in New York City, and other Yiddish newspapers served as a forum for Jews of all European backgrounds. The Yiddish Forward still appears weekly and is available in an online edition.[9]. It remains in wide distribution, together with דער אלגעמיינער זשורנאל (der algemeyner zhurnal - Algemeiner Journal) which is also published weekly and appears online. [10] The widest-circulation Yiddish newspapers are probably the two prominent Satmar weekly issues דער בלאט (Der Blatt) and דער איד (Der Yid).[11] [12] Several additional newspapers and magazines are in regular production, such as the monthly publications Der Shtern Journal and Der Blick.
The major exception to the decline of spoken Yiddish can be found in Haredi communities all over the world. In some of the more closely-knit such communities Yiddish is spoken as a home and schooling language, especially in Hasidic communities such as Brooklyn's Borough Park, Williamsburg and Crown Heights, and in Monsey, Kiryas Joel, and New Square.